Transparency
The tax rates our tools use
Our calculators are only as good as the rates behind them — so here they are, in full, year by year. Each year shows whether it has been verified against the published HMRC / gov.uk figures. Rates last reviewed: 18 September 2026, reflecting the 2025 Autumn Budget.
Income tax rates, allowances & Section 24 — by tax year
Information, not advice. These figures are published for transparency and to help you plan; they are general information, not tax advice about your own situation. We keep them current and date-stamped, but always confirm against gov.uk or with a professional before you rely on them. Where finance is involved, we may introduce you to Broker’s Choice Limited t/a BCL Commercial Finance, which is not FCA-regulated; we’ll always tell you when we do.
PA = personal allowance. Basic-rate band = income taxed at 20% above the allowance. Higher-rate threshold (40%) = where the 40% higher rate starts (this is the Personal Allowance plus the Basic-rate band). Additional-rate threshold = where the 45% additional rate starts. Dividend rates = ordinary / upper / additional. S24 = the fraction of residential mortgage interest that is restricted (100% = fully restricted, 20% credit).
| Tax year | Personal allowance | Basic-rate band | Higher-rate threshold (40%) | Additional-rate threshold | Dividend rates | Dividend allow. | S24 restricted | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011/12 | £7,475 | £35,000 | £42,475 | £150,000 | 10.0%/32.5%/42.5% | £0 | 0% | Verified |
| 2012/13 | £8,105 | £34,370 | £42,475 | £150,000 | 10.0%/32.5%/42.5% | £0 | 0% | Verified |
| 2013/14 | £9,440 | £32,010 | £41,450 | £150,000 | 10.0%/32.5%/37.5% | £0 | 0% | Verified |
| 2014/15 | £10,000 | £31,865 | £41,865 | £150,000 | 10.0%/32.5%/37.5% | £0 | 0% | Verified |
| 2015/16 | £10,600 | £31,785 | £42,385 | £150,000 | 10.0%/32.5%/37.5% | £0 | 0% | Verified |
| 2016/17 | £11,000 | £32,000 | £43,000 | £150,000 | 7.5%/32.5%/38.1% | £5,000 | 0% | Verified |
| 2017/18 | £11,500 | £33,500 | £45,000 | £150,000 | 7.5%/32.5%/38.1% | £5,000 | 25% | Verified |
| 2018/19 | £11,850 | £34,500 | £46,350 | £150,000 | 7.5%/32.5%/38.1% | £2,000 | 50% | Verified |
| 2019/20 | £12,500 | £37,500 | £50,000 | £150,000 | 7.5%/32.5%/38.1% | £2,000 | 75% | Verified |
| 2020/21 | £12,570 | £37,500 | £50,070 | £150,000 | 7.5%/32.5%/38.1% | £2,000 | 100% | Verified |
| 2021/22 | £12,570 | £37,700 | £50,270 | £150,000 | 7.5%/32.5%/38.1% | £2,000 | 100% | Verified |
| 2022/23 | £12,570 | £37,700 | £50,270 | £150,000 | 8.75%/33.75%/39.35% | £2,000 | 100% | Verified |
| 2023/24 | £12,570 | £37,700 | £50,270 | £125,140 | 8.75%/33.75%/39.35% | £1,000 | 100% | Verified |
| 2024/25 | £12,570 | £37,700 | £50,270 | £125,140 | 8.75%/33.75%/39.35% | £500 | 100% | Verified |
| 2025/26 | £12,570 | £37,700 | £50,270 | £125,140 | 8.75%/33.75%/39.35% | £500 | 100% | Verified |
| 2026/27 | £12,570 | £37,700 | £50,270 | £125,140 | 10.75%/35.75%/39.35% | £500 | 100% | Verified |
| 2027/28 | £12,570 | £37,700 | £50,270 | £125,140 | 10.75%/35.75%/39.35% | £500 | 100% | Verified (provisional) |
Note on 2027/28 onward: the dividend rates shown continue unchanged, but from 6 April 2027 rental (property) income gets its own higher rates — 22% / 42% / 47% (see the callout below). This income table shows the normal (non-property) rates.
See your own tax: the Liability Estimator works out your rental tax using these rates, and the Section 24 guide explains the mortgage-interest restriction.
2028/29 onward: the Personal Allowance and thresholds are frozen only up to and including 2027/28. From 6 April 2028 they are due to rise in line with inflation, so those figures are not yet set and are deliberately not shown here.
“Verified” means the figures have been checked against the published gov.uk / HMRC rates. “Provisional” years reflect current announcements (e.g. frozen thresholds) but a future Budget could change them. Years shown as “Not verified” should be confirmed before the figures are relied upon — use the Update control, or let us know.
Update rates for —
For the site maintainer: enter the confirmed figures from gov.uk for this year, then apply. This updates the table on your screen and marks the year verified. (To make it permanent site-wide, the same values are set in the shared rate table at deployment.)
Coming 6 April 2027 — separate, higher rates for property income
From 6 April 2027, rental (property) income and savings income get their own income-tax rates, set 2 percentage points above the normal rates: basic 22% (up from 20%), higher 42% (up from 40%) and additional 47% (up from 45%). The Section 24 mortgage-interest credit will also be recalculated at 22% instead of 20%. Announced at the 2025 Autumn Budget; confirmed in law. Scotland sets its own rates. (Correct as at September 2026.)
Capital Gains Tax on property (individuals)
| Tax year | Basic-rate band | Higher/additional band | Annual exempt amount | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024/25 (from 30 Oct 2024) | 18% | 24% | £3,000 | Verified |
| 2025/26 | 18% | 24% | £3,000 | Verified |
| 2026/27 | 18% | 24% | £3,000 | Verified |
Residential-property gains only. The higher rate for residential property was cut from 28% to 24% on 30 October 2024 — a disposal before that date in 2024/25 used 28%. The gain stacks on top of your income to decide which band(s) apply. Report and pay within 60 days of completion.
Work out your own figure: use the CGT on a Rental Sale calculator, or read the plain-English Capital Gains Tax guide.
Corporation Tax (companies)
| Financial year (from 1 Apr) | Profits ≤ £50,000 | Profits > £250,000 | In between | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024, 2025 & 2026 | 19% (small profits rate) | 25% (main rate) | Marginal relief — up to 26.5% effective | Verified |
Unchanged since 1 April 2023. The £50,000 and £250,000 limits are shared between associated companies, so running more than one company reduces each one’s thresholds.
Work out your company’s tax: use the Corporation Tax calculator (it handles marginal relief and associated companies). The Section 24 guide explains when incorporation can help.
Stamp Duty Land Tax — additional property (England & NI)
| Portion of price | Standard rate | Additional-property rate (incl. 5% surcharge) |
|---|---|---|
| Up to £125,000 | 0% | 5% |
| £125,001 – £250,000 | 2% | 7% |
| £250,001 – £925,000 | 5% | 10% |
| £925,001 – £1.5m | 10% | 15% |
| Over £1.5m | 12% | 17% |
England & Northern Ireland, 2026/27. The 5% additional-property surcharge applies where the property costs £40,000 or more and you already own another dwelling. Scotland uses LBTT (with an 8% additional-dwelling supplement) and Wales uses LTT — both have different bands. This table is for additional property (a second home or buy-to-let); if you are buying your own main home the standard rates apply without the 5% surcharge, and first-time buyers have their own relief. Work out the duty on a purchase: use the SDLT calculator in our Buy-to-Let Calculators.
Important — general information, not advice. These figures are published for transparency and general information only. They are not tax advice and are not a substitute for advice about your own situation — individual circumstances vary, and a rate that applies to one person may not apply to you. Rates, allowances and thresholds change, usually at each Budget, so always confirm the current position on gov.uk or with a qualified professional before you act. We take care to keep this page accurate and date-stamped, but accept no liability for any action taken in reliance on it (errors and omissions excepted).
Where these rates are used
These are the figures behind the Disclosure Workbench and the Liability Estimator. If you ever want to check a tool’s working, this is the table it uses.
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